Blepharoplasty is a type of plastic surgery that concerns the eyelids. It can be both for practical purposes such as, if the person has droopy eyelids (something natural), and he/she is having problems with seeing (i.e. peripheral vision if the droop starts at the tip of the eyes), then that person can undergo blepharoplasty to lessen adversities. However, some also go for this type of surgery for cosmetic purposes. If he/she would like to have chinky eyes, then the surgeon could reshape the eyes to look chinky.

For Asians however, there is a different procedure. Since most Asians do not have a crease on their upper eyelid, some doctors can make an artificial crease, depending on the request of the patient.

Photo taken from http://www.greatcosmeticsurgery.com

4 key steps in the mechanism of action of Botox:

1. Toxin is bound to specific receptors on the presynaptic cell surface. This is mediated by the half of the heavy chain of the C-terminal (approx 30 minutes).

2. Internalization. This is an endocystic process that is energy-dependent receptor-mediated. The nerve cell’s plasma membrane invaginates around the toxin-receptor complex to form a vesicle inside the nerve terminal that contains toxin.

3. Translocation. The disulfide bond is cleaved, after internalization, releasing the 50-kDa light chain of the toxin molecule across the endocytic vesicle’s endosomal membrane into the the nerve terminal’s cytoplasm.

4. Blocking. The 50-kDa light chain of serotypes A and E inhibit acetylcholine release by cleaving a cytoplasmic protein (SNAP-25) required for the docking of acetylcholine vesicles on the inner side of the nerve terminal plasma membrane. Botulinum toxin type D is specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin. Botulinum toxin types B and F also affect the VAMP/synaptobrevin protein. These actions impede the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.

Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic surgical procedure performed to improve the appearance of a person’s nose. A study conducted by Glasgold group about rhinoplasty showed that there is positive psychological change following cosmetic rhinoplasty. The results indicated that moderate improvements in self esteem and social relationships are greatly enhanced for all patients. Significant changes where reflected among the younger age group, indicating that in the stage of emotional and social maturation, an established positive physical self image is necessary. On the other hand, the changes which reflected in a lesser degree among the older age group still suggest that the role of physical appearance is important throughout life. Sufficed to say, majority of the patients are satisfied on the results.

Plastic surgeons are criticising the Department of Health over plans to allow some private clinics to use lasers for cosmetic purposes without having to register first with the Healthcare Commission. Laser therapy is used on lines, wrinkles, scars and damaged skin to smooth its appearance.

At present, there are 850 private sector and voluntary clinics registered with the Healthcare Commission that provide purely cosmetic laser.

The procedure involving sex change remains to be one of the most controversial not to mention most debated issue up to date not only by moralists against liberals but also medical practitioners. Before a patient could undergo a sex change, the law requires him or her to submit him or herself under therapy. This is where the shrink evaluates if the person’s condition is indeed fit enough to undergo such a drastic change. This is done to prevent any regret on the part of the patient, after all the last thing he or she needs is to realize he or she wants to recover her or his former sexuality back, which when operated on is next to impossible to get back.

Most teens view plastic surgery as an easy path to fitting in, contrary to adults who see it as a way to stand out. In this case it is important that both asses the real reason they are undergoing the procedure. Most doctors won’t agree to perform surgery without being convinced that the patient is decided with the procedure and is mature enough to grasp the consequences of going under the knife. It is recommended that the patient sees a therapist first to determine if he or she is psychologically fit enough to go on a permanent body reconstruction and if he or she is actually doing the operation for the right reasons.

Plastic surgery is often associated with vanity but for some people, it really is a serious case of reconstruction. The most famous type of plastic or cosmetic surgery is done to remedy cleft chins. Operation smile aims to uplift children’s self esteem by giving them a chance to relieve themselves of their deformity through operation. Dermabrassion and laser procedures are also done to help minimize the appearances of birthmarks and scars derived from accidents. Operation smile believes that even though character trumps physical attributes anytime, it doesn’t hurt to be free from major deformities. In a visual world wherein we cannot be helped but be judged with our looks, it pays to look good, or at the very least, normal.

These procedures are considered to be non-surgical and are normally done in clinics on an out-patient basis. Botox is actually a derivative from the deadly botulism organism that paralyzes the nerves of the face preventing the squint and lines from occurring as muscles are prevented from functioning. Done right , they can be a quick way to get a fuller look but problems can have too much of the good stuff leaving a face with dead nerves. This can leave the whole face paralyze if administered to the wrong place and the wrong nerves are damaged, too much and it is irreversibility disabled leaving you with a drooping face, the opposite of the desired effect. Repetitive application can also render muscles weakened to the extent they atrophy or waste away. the human body is an efficient machine, all muscles that are not used for quite sometime can shrink sending nutrition to other parts of the body thus efficiently using available energy. Read the rest of this entry »

Liposuction has been around for a long time and is aimed at removing excessive fat under the skin that has benefited many people who have too much fat. Fat lies within the skin tissue which is scrapped an then sucked through vacuum out of the body. Cases of organ puncture have resulted in death with vital organs getting punctured by too excessive a poking around. Nerves and muscles also get damaged due to poking in the wrong places. Such procedures are normally followed by tummy tucks which are also used for people who have undergone extreme weight loss operations such as gut reduction which shortens the intestines. It leaves excessive skin tissue sagging like dried meat hung up to dry. Read the rest of this entry »

Facial Surgery is another cosmetic surgery area that can result in more damage and in an area that is so public as the face, it can be debilitating with nerve damage and more. The most common procedures can result in infections, scarring and nerve damage that are irreversible. Nerve damage can render the face without emotion as the muscles and nerves of the face are so intertwined that any poking without proper knowledge of these intertwined structures are almost sure invitation for trouble. Facial procedures span, face lifts, facial implants, forehead lifts and lip augmentation. Read the rest of this entry »